(MENAFN - Khaleej Times) Last week, I submitted an affidavit to support an important lawsuit brought by reporter Chris Hedges and others, including Daniel Ellsberg and Noam Chomsky, against US President Barack Obama and his Defence Secretary, Leon Panetta.
The lawsuit seeks to stop implementation of the horrific new National Defence Authorisation Act, also known as the "Homeland Battlefield Bill," which Obama signed into law in December. As a result, the United States government's "war on terror" has come home: any American may now be detained indefinitely, without charge or trial, anywhere, at any time, forever.
As Hedges wrote recently in a chilling explication of why he is bringing the lawsuit, the NDAA's "crucial phrases are 'substantially supported' and 'associated forces.'" These two phrases, he argues, allow the government to expand the definition of terrorism to include groups that were not involved in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and that may not even have existed when those attacks took place. According to Hedges, "the law can be used to detain individuals who are not members of terrorist organisations but have provided, in the words of the bill, substantial support even to 'associated forces.'"
As Hedges points out, neither of these terms is properly specified; nor does the law define an act of terror, or the activities of those purportedly "engaged in hostilities against the United States." As Hedges puts it, "this is why, especially as acts of civil disobedience proliferate, the NDAA law is so terrifying." He is absolutely right, and his deposition details how the NDAA and similar legislation is being used to obstruct his investigations and intimidate him personally. He describes being detained by US officials while reporting overseas, and being advised that he is on a watch list. He also understands, as few US reporters do, how similar legislation has been used to terrorise and intimidate reporters in other countries.
Hedges, a former reporter for The New York Times, witnessed this in El Salvador. But almost identical laws have been used to impede reporting and news publishing, and to harass, intimidate, and even imprison journalists, in fascist Italy, in early Nazi Germany, in the former Soviet Union, and under military rule in Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador.
On March 29, I joined supporters of the lawsuit in a New York City courtroom to determine if the plaintiffs would be granted legal standing to challenge the government's planned actions. Katherine O'Brien, another journalist, detailed her own intimidation by a self-identified Federal agent, and the co-founder of Occupy London, Kai Wargalla, produced a memo from the London Police categorising her group as "terrorists."
The hearing's crescendo was tough questioning of the government's lawyers by Federal Judge Katherine B. Forrest, who repeatedly asked the government's lawyers to define the terms "substantially supported" and "associated forces," which she did not receive, despite restating her question seven or eight times.
Forrest also repeatedly asked for assurances - at least five times - that the NDAA would not sweep up people like the plaintiffs: journalists engaged in journalism and citizens engaged in peaceful protest. Again, every time, the lawyers for Obama and Panetta said that they could not give her such assurances. At the end of April, the two sides will present new briefs, and she will announce the next stage of the process after she deliberates over the new material.
We now have it from the US government lawyers' own mouths: this law may put journalists at risk, or at least the lawyers explicitly refuse to rule out that option for their client - and, as Forrest put it, they have "one very big client."
Vaguely defined terms are a standard part of the totalitarian toolkit, and they always begin, as Hedges notes, with legislation that subverts the rule of law by enabling the arbitrary exercise of power.
I know that many other US reporters are making similar decisions as a result of the NDAA, and I hope that they join this lawsuit whether with affidavits of their own, or as plaintiffs. Such laws make otherwise conscientious reporters hesitate to do what is professionally right.
It is not just American reporting that suffers when a law such as the NDAA threatens journalists and editors.
With US legislation and claims of executive authority increasingly giving US presidents the power to wage wars, declare all of America a battlefield, assassinate US citizens and non-citizens around the world, hold Afghanis, Iraqis, and Pakistanis indefinitely without charge or trial, and accuse Australian publishers of espionage, the rest of the world needs fearless and accurate American reporting.
That is the first step toward holding US leaders accountable under domestic and international law. Unfortunately, such accountability is needed now more than ever.
Naomi Wolf is a political activist and social critic.
