(MENAFN- Gulf Times) Saudi Arabia may have impressed bankers and fund managers from around the world this week with the size of its economic ambitions but it may not have convinced foreign businessmen to pour in the billions of dollars needed to transform the kingdom.
At a three-day investment conference, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced plans for a $500bn business zone reaching into Jordan and Egypt.
Riyadh's main sovereign wealth fund said it would nearly double its assets to $400bn by 2020.
The event, part of the kingdom's drive to free itself of reliance on oil exports in an era of cheap oil, attracted senior executives of global banks such as Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Bank of China and Mizuho.
But many executives — speaking privately— said they remained concerned about Riyadh's ability to execute its plans.
An undeveloped legal system, sluggish bureaucracy and poor labour productivity have deterred foreign investment and frustrated many Saudi economic plans in the past.
Foreigners own only a little over 4% of the stock market, and foreign direct investment has been running at under $10bn a year.
'They have a decent vision, but also face steep hurdles, said a London-based executive of a trading firm that works closely with manufacturers. 'The objective is to bring money here, but we are seeing companies wanting to take money out.
He said most international companies aimed to win supply contracts in Saudi Arabia, while banks were working for fees and commissions — but few companies were willing make make big, fixed investments in the country.
To underline its hi-tech ambitions, Saudi Arabia granted citizenship to a robot named Sophia.
But some of the bottlenecks that have slowed growth in the past reappeared at the conference.
Wifi service, powered by the country's main telecommunications firm, was spotty and live video streams were glitchy.
Shuttle buses arranged to take guests from hotels to the venue ran late.
Saudi Arabia's plan to build a 26,500 square km (10,230 square mile) business zone captured both the scale of its ambitions and the worries surrounding them.
The zone, known as NEOM, a word meaning 'New Future in a combination of English and Arabic abbreviations, could unlock vast potential in industries including tourism, solar energy and wind power, and logistics.
But Saudi Arabia has already tried with little success to build smaller but similar projects.
For a decade it has been seeking to develop half a dozen new 'economic cities; most have grown much more slowly than hoped, and Riyadh complained last year that some faced 'challenges that threaten their viability.
Some of NEOM's half-trillion dollar cost is supposed to come from private investors, but much of the private sector is wary of investing in state projects.
A recession triggered by low oil prices and austerity policies has brought private sector growth down near zero, and bank lending has been shrinking.
Raza Agha, chief economist for the region at VTB Capital, said NEOM had potential but many aspects needed clarification, such as how the country could obtain the labour to build it without straining its balance of payments.
'The funding needs for this project will create additional pressure on government expenditures and consequently either on the rate of depletion of Saudi foreign assets or the increase in government debt levels, he said.
'Beyond the challenges of funding and building a project of this scale, the seemingly ad hoc nature of this, and other, announcements only serves to add to Saudi policy unpredictability.
Officials described plans to make it easier for foreign institutions to invest in Saudi equities, introduce new financial products and develop a corporate debt market.
The previously secretive Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund, released a 90-page report on its activities.
Nevertheless, major aspects of policy remained unclear, including details of a planned $300bn privatisation programme that is to include the sale of a 5% stake in oil giant Saudi Aramco.
Nearly two years after Riyadh announced the sale, officials said they had still not chosen the global stock markets on which Aramco shares would be listed, while the conditions for many privatisation exercises have not been clarified.
'The challenge will be between the vision and the execution capacity, building the execution capacity to actually take this through, and that can take a little time, said one prospective investor. 'There is a gap between expectations for valuations and what these assets are actually worth. They can wait for the market to improve, but then there's a loss in terms of time.
At some point, they just have to close that gap.
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