Arab and South American leaders converged on Saudi Arabia on Tuesday for a summit aiming to strengthen ties between the geographically distant but economically powerful regions.

United Nations chief Ban Ki-moon was expected to attend the opening in Riyadh of the Fourth Summit of South American-Arab Countries set to begin at 1600 GMT.

State television showed the arrival of President Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela whose country belongs to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries along with Saudi Arabia the world's biggest oil exporter.

President Rafael Correa of Ecuador OPEC's smallest member also arrived. It was not immediately clear whether other Latin American heads of state would be present.

Arab presidents who arrived included Omar Al Bashir of Sudan Abdel Fattah Al Sisi of Egypt and Fuad Masum of Iraq as well as Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas state media said.

Other leaders include Gulf rulers and King Abdullah II of Jordan.

Ahead of the two-day meeting Sudanese Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour said windows of cooperation have long existed "but haven't been open enough to take advantage of the capabilities" of both regions.

For example Sudan has land and water "that could enable it to become the Arab and South American food basket".

The summit between the 22 Arab League members and 12 nations from South America was first held in 2005.

The gatherings were an initiative of then Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva whose country hosted the first summit.

Ahead of the summit Arab League Secretary General Nabil Al Arabi told Kuwait's KUNA news agency that "trade between both regions has amounted to $30 billion after it was no more than $6 billion in 2005."

Peru which hosted the third meeting in 2012 last month became one of 12 Pacific rim countries to seal the world's largest free trade area known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Chile is the only other South American nation included in that deal. Saudi columnist Abdulateef Al Mulhim writing in Monday's Arab News said that together the Arab and South American regions can help bring prosperity and stability to the world.

"The whole of the continent is moving forward with many visible and modern reforms to their political economic social and educational systems" he wrote of South America.

Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Al Jubeir spoke of a "convergence of positions" between countries of the two regions on many issues and commended the Latin American nations' "positive stance" towards the Palestinian question.

Al Jubeir told a pre-summit meeting that the previous three summits tried to develop trade investment and transport links.

There remain "promising opportunities for collaboration" he said according to a written text of his Monday speech.

Two South American nations Argentina and Brazil belong to the Group of 20 world's largest economies as does Saudi Arabia.

The kingdom and its Gulf neighbours pump much of the world's oil but Brazil and Venezuela are also major producers.

There are also cultural ties as Chile hosts about 350000 Palestinian immigrants and their descendants who have settled there over the past century.

Recent immigration has taken more than 2000 Syrian refugees fleeing the war in their homeland to Brazil since 2011.

The figure is far more than for any other Latin American state although some pledged open doors and Venezuela's President Maduro said 20000 were welcome in his country.

However Maduro is a staunch ally of Syrian President Bashar Al Assad who is facing rebel forces supported by Saudi Arabia and other Arab states.